KAJI-TINDAK PARTISIPATIF MODIFIKASI TRADISI NENO BOHA UNTUK PENINGKATAN GIZI IBU DAN BAYI Di Kecamatan Mollo Tengah,TimurTengah Selatan NTT

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Persoalan kematian ibu dan anak di NTT merupakan concern provinsi dan nasional. Faktor penting yang memberikan kontribusi pada keadaan ini adalah faktor kemiskinan yang merupakan hasil dari bekerjanya sejumlah variabel secara simultan: ekonomi, sosial kultural, demografi dan daya dukung lingkungan fisik, serta tentu faktor kebijakan. Tradisi Neno Boha adalah tradisi 40 hari melahirkan dengan sejumlah komponennya. Penelitian kaji-tindak partisipatif ini bertujuan untuk melakukan modifikasi tradisi Neno Boha khususnya modifikasi makanan Jagung Bose dengan penambahan bahan makanan yang meningkatkan nilai gizi makanan. Birokrat dan pemangku adat merespons secara positif atas upaya kaji-tindak partisipatif modifikasi Jagung Bose yang dipraktekkan dalam tradisi Neno Boha. Sebelas ibu melahirkan berpartisipasi dalam kaji-tindak ini dan melaksanakan kegiatan memodifikasi makanan yang dimakan selama 40 hari. Modifikasi ini meningkatkan keanekaragaman bahan pangan yang dikonsumsi dengan kisaran keanekaragaman 46 jenis bahan makanan per hari, meningkatkan nilai gizi makanan yang dikonsumsi. Dari kesebelas ibu yang berpartisipasi, status gizi ibu dalam keadaan status gizi normal. Status gizi 6 bayi umumnya normal berdasarkan BB/TB namun menunjukkan deviasi ke arah nilai negatif berdasarkam kriteria TB/U. Empat bayi yang lain menunjukkan gejala gemuk disertai TB/U ke arah nilai negatif yang jauh lebih besar. Terdapat gejala adanya sumbangan faktor genetik dan/atau ketidakseimbangan gizi makro (rasio karbohidrat/protein) atas gejala stunting pada kondisi berat badan lebih.

Kata kunci: Jagung-Bose, Neno-Boha, Mollo Tengah.

ABSTRACT

Child and maternal death in Nusa Tenggara Timur are of provincial and national concerns. Important factor contributing to this condition is poverty resulted from some underlying factors that works simultaneously. They are economy, socio-cultural, demography, physical supports and developmental policy factors. Neno Boha is a tradition of 40 days of delivering baby and caring of mother and baby practicing by the people of Atoin Meto in Timor Island. This participatory action-research aimed at modifying the tradition especially their tradition to consume pen bose during 40 days postpartum period. The focus of the intervention was on modifying kind of food, the way they are prepared, and the way they are consumed by the mothers who give baby; with the purpose increasing nutritious value of consumed food. Formal leaders (bureaucrates), cultural leaders, health workers at village level and at Primary Heath Care at Central in Mollo Subdistrict gave positive responses and took part actively in the research. Eleven mother took part as the participants in this research. They were involved in modifying the pen bose by adding other food sources and kind, amount, way of cooking, and consumptions during 40 days of Neno Boha practices. This intervention increased food diversity with an average of 4 to 6 food sources per day. It also increased food quality and consumption comparing to consumming pen bose alone. Measuring mother nutritious status, all 11 mothers are in normal nutrition status. The baby however, 6 were in normal nutrition status according to weight to height ratio, but shows a tendency toward negative value according to weight to age ratio. Another four baby were more heavy but accompanied by height to age ratio toward larger negative values. The implication of this is that there is still a high proportion of tendency toward stunting with heavy body weight among the babies. Genetics or macronutrient (carbohydrate ton protein) imbalance may causes this conditions.

Keywords: Neno Boha, Mollo Tengah, Pen Bose, Action Research